Guy and Eileen: I've not only read your comments, but I'm copied them to my workbook for problem solving. Great and thoughtful comments. Your style is fairly technical which, for many, might put some to sleep. I appreciate the amount of time you both take in trying to be helpful. My suggestion is if you want to reach the most readers, come up with some additional analogies or visuals so that the reader has something to visually tie their throught into other than a sein wave. I have no, as in zero, electrial experience. However, I know this stuff is important so I forced myself to plow through your text. Yes, it was worth it and I thank you for all that work. I already have a new respect for all the magnetic ballasts I have I was thinking of tossing for "flicker free" units. You might consider titles such as "Don't toss that magnetic ballast" or "Is Flicker Free problem Free?" or similar titles that might apply to more of the Reduser readers .